Shell 实用技巧¶

tar 打包¶

tar czvf test.tar.gz *         # 压缩当前文件夹下非隐藏文件的文件
tar czvf ../abc.tgz  .[!.]* *  # 压缩当前文件夹下所有文件,排除两个隐藏文件夹"."和“..”

shell 文件所在路径¶

#!/usr/bin/env bash
#coding=utf-8

#VERSION="123" # 版本号
#DATETIME=`date -d today +"%Y%m%d%H%M"`               # 时间

SELF_RELATIVE_DIR=`dirname $0`                       # 获取 脚本文件所在的相对路径
#SELF_ABSOLUTE_DIR=$(readlink -f "$SELF_RELATIVE_DIR")
SELF_ABSOLUTE_DIR=`readlink -f "$SELF_RELATIVE_DIR"` # 当前 脚本文件，所在的绝对路径

export PYTHONPATH=$PYTHONPATH:$SELF_ABSOLUTE_DIR


#python $1
ipython

apt-get install时如何指定安装版本¶

$ sudo apt-get install package=version

拷贝文件并且示进度¶

$ rrsync  -a -P  path1   path2
$ sync

只拷贝软连接¶

$ sudo cp -d $HOME/bin/FoxitReader /usr/local/bin/

判断文件是否存在¶

实现代码一¶

#!/bin/sh

myPath="/var/log/httpd/"
myFile="/var /log/httpd/access.log"
fsda1="/dev/sda1"

# 这里的-x 参数判断$myPath是否存在并且是否具有可执行权限
if [ ! -x "$myPath"]; then
 mkdir "$myPath"
fi

# 这里的-d 参数判断$myPath是否存在
if [ ! -d "$myPath"]; then
 mkdir "$myPath"
fi

# 这里的-b 参数判磁盘块设备是否存在
if [ -b "$fsda1" ]; then
        echo  "Fond $fsda1"
else
        echo  "Not fond $fsda1"
fi

# 这里的-f参数判断$myFile是否存在
if [ ! -f "$myFile" ]; then
 touch "$myFile"
fi

# 其他参数还有-n,-n是判断一个变量是否是否有值
if [ ! -n "$myVar" ]; then
 echo "$myVar is empty"
 exit 0
fi

# 两个变量判断是否相等
if [ "$var1" = "$var2" ]; then
 echo '$var1 eq $var2'
else
 echo '$var1 not eq $var2'
fi

实现代码二¶

#如果文件夹不存在，创建文件夹
if [ ! -d "/myfolder" ]; then
 mkdir /myfolder
fi

#shell判断文件,目录是否存在或者具有权限

folder="/var/www/"
file="/var/www/log"

# -x 参数判断 $folder 是否存在并且是否具有可执行权限
if [ ! -x "$folder"]; then
 mkdir "$folder"
fi

# -d 参数判断 $folder 是否存在
if [ ! -d "$folder"]; then
 mkdir "$folder"
fi

# -f 参数判断 $file 是否存在
if [ ! -f "$file" ]; then
 touch "$file"
fi

# -n 判断一个变量是否有值
if [ ! -n "$var" ]; then
 echo "$var is empty"
 exit 0
fi

# 判断两个变量是否相等
if [ "$var1" = "$var2" ]; then
 echo '$var1 eq $var2'
else
 echo '$var1 not eq $var2'
fi

-f 和-e的区别 Conditional Logic on Files
-a file exists.
-b file exists and is a block special file.
-c file exists and is a character special file.
-d file exists and is a directory.
-e file exists (just the same as -a).
-f file exists and is a regular file.
-g file exists and has its setgid(2) bit set.
-G file exists and has the same group ID as this process.
-k file exists and has its sticky bit set.
-L file exists and is a symbolic link.
-n string length is not zero.
-o Named option is set on.
-O file exists and is owned by the user ID of this process.
-p file exists and is a first in, first out (FIFO) special file or named pipe.
-r file exists and is readable by the current process.
-s file exists and has a size greater than zero.
-S file exists and is a socket.
-t file descriptor number fildes is open and associated with a terminal device.
-u file exists and has its setuid(2) bit set.
-w file exists and is writable by the current process.
-x file exists and is executable by the current process.
-z string length is zero.

是用 -s 还是用 -f 这个区别是很大的！

gdialog¶

#!/bin/bash

#test the gDialog
height=24
width=80
text="text"
filename="/home/ocean/.bashrc"

gdialog --title "testbox" --textbox "$filename" $(($height*4)) $width
gdialog --title "checklist" --checklist "$text" $height $width   2   "1" "aaaa" "on"  "2" "bbbb" "on" # list_height [tag text status]
gdialog --title "infobox" --infobox "$text =========" $height $width
gdialog --title "inputbox" --inputbox  "$text" $height $width "initial string"
gdialog --title "menu" --menu "$text" $height $width 2 "1" "aaaa" "2" "bbbb"    #menu_height [tag item]
gdialog --title "msgbox" --msgbox "$text========" $height $width
gdialog --title "radiolist" --radiolist "$text" $height $width 2 "1" "aaaa" "on" "2" "bbbb" "off"
gdialog --title "yesno" --yesno "$text" $height $widch